The term “Logos” can be translated as “verbum” or as “ratio.” Had the Aristotle translator used the meaning “verbum,” we human beings would be defined as “verbal animals.” This can be seen as a remote origin of the concept of intelligence as self-awareness, but this can be shown not to be the case as Ludwig Wittgenstein did. René Descartes was the main contributor to this misunderstanding.
The non-continental (Anglo-Saxon) analytical philosophy has pointed out how flawed this way is of seeing intelligence. As St. Augustine says, “What is time? If nobody asks me, I know; if I want to explain it, I don’t.” This is an eloquent objection to Cartesian thesis. Developing these Ideas, the author arrives to the following conclusions: